![]() Presence of terminal CHO function: Upon being mildly oxidised with bromine water, the glucose molecule transforms to glucose acid, which is then reduced with a large amount of HI to produce hexanoic acid.An oxime is formed when glucose interacts with hydroxylamine, proving the presence of a carbonyl group. Thus five OH groups are present on various carbons. As glucose is a stable molecule, it is impossible for any two OH groups to bind to the same carbon. Presence of 5 OH groups: Pentadactyl derivatives are formed when glucose reacts with acetic anhydride, indicating five hydroxyl groups.Presence of a 6-carbon unbranched chain: Glucose has an unbranched six-carbon chain, proven by the fact that it totally reduces when combined with concentrated hydrogen iodide and red phosphorus to produce n-hexane.Molecular formula: The molecular formula of glucose is C 6H 12O 6 based on the analysis of elements in glucose and the molecular weight of glucose.Open-chain form: Glucose has a backbone that is not open or branched, and it is made of six carbon atoms in its open-chain form. This results in a ring with six members, i.e., five carbons and one oxygen. The -OH on carbon number 5 converts to the ether linkage to seal the ring with carbon number 1 due to the tetrahedral geometry of carbons that eventually form a 6-membered stable ring. ![]() Glucose is made of six carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms, and six oxygen atoms. Another important glucose-based molecule is cellulose. The principal energy-reserve carbohydrate in plants, starch, is made of thousands of linear glucose units. It powers cell function, and its metabolism must be carefully regulated. Found in fruits and honey, it is the most common free sugar in higher animals’ blood. It is commonly known as dextrose and belongs to the group of carbohydrates known as simple sugars (monosaccharides). Glucose gets its name from the Greek word glykys, which means sweet.
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